Komedon, a common term used to describe the black or white spots found in oily areas of the face such as the nose, chin, neck, and forehead. There are two types of comedones: open comedones (blackheads) and closed comedones (whiteheads). Open comedones have an open pore with the tip visible on the skin surface, appearing black due to the oxidation of melanin in the hair follicle. Closed comedones, on the other hand, are white in color and have a closed pore with the tip located beneath the skin surface, making it impossible to extract by squeezing. They often go unnoticed until they reach a visible stage.

Comedones are formed due to the excessive production of sebum by the sebaceous glands located in the hair follicles. When the balance of sebum production is disrupted, the skin's oil balance is compromised, and the pores become enlarged. This leads to the accumulation of dirt, dead skin cells, and other particles within the widened pores, resulting in the formation of microcomedones. Over time, these small spots transform into the noticeable and textured appearance of comedones.

Open comedones (blackheads) are one of the most common skin concerns. They are prevalent in both males and females, primarily appearing on the face. In males, they are frequently observed on the back, neck, nape, and chest areas where the hair follicles are denser. Open comedones have a tendency to become inflamed.

Closed comedones (whiteheads) are also a common skin problem. They are often observed during the teenage years and are equally prevalent in both males and females. Improper manipulation of whiteheads can lead to deep scarring on the skin. Unless there is viral contact, closed comedones tend not to become inflamed due to their nature.

Several factors can trigger the formation of comedones. One of these factors is the disruption of the skin's pH balance, which affects the balance of sebum production. Other triggers include the use of incorrect cosmetic products, harsh exfoliation care, excessive washing with hot water, hormonal changes during adolescence, hormonal imbalances, poor nutrition, excessive weight gain, and prolonged use of corticosteroids and synthetic hormone-containing medications.

Comedone care involves the use of localized peeling or skin care devices like Hydrafacial to clean the blackheads and whiteheads.